A goal-based approach to effectiveness analysis -- The goals of international courts -- Measuring goal attainment -- Jurisdictional powers and issues of admissibility -- Judicial independence and impartiality -- Judgment-compliance -- Legitimacy -- The International Court of Justice / with Rotem Giladi -- The WTO dispute settlement system / with Sivan Shlomo-Agon -- The International Criminal Court / with Sigall Horovitz and Gilad Noam -- The European Court of Human Rights / with Henry Lovat -- The Court of Justice of the European Union / with Thorbjörn Björnsson.